Cartilage
Cartilage is the smooth, white tissue at the ends of the bone where they come together to form joints. Cartilage does not heal itself well, it's made up of specialized cells called chondrocytes. Types of cartilage include Hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage and articular cartilage.
Where is it found?
- Ears and nose
- Between the vertebrae in the spine
- Bronchial tubes or airways
- Joints between bones (knees, elbows, and ankles)
Ligaments
Ligaments are a band of connective tissue that holds organs, and connects bones at the joints. There are two types of ligaments, white ligament and yellow ligament. White ligament is rich in collagenous fibers, which are sturdy and inelastic, and yellow ligament is rich in elastic fibers, which are tough and sturdy
Bone Marrow
Bone marrow is a flexible tissue located in the medullary cavities (interior) of bones.There are two types of bone marrow, red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow. Both are highly vascular and enriched with numerous bone vessels and capillaries. In humans, red blood cells are produced in the red bone marrow, with over 200 billion blood cells produced every day.The yellow bone marrows main purpose is to act as a storage for fats, but in some cases it may invert into red bone marrow. Bone marrows main purpose in life is to replace platelets, red blood cells and white blood cells.
Compact Bone
Compact bone, or cortical bone is a dense bone with no cavities. instead is has lacunaes, where osteocytes are located. The compact bone makes up 80 percent of the human skeleton, leaving the cancellous bone. The compact bone forms a shell around the cancellous bone, the "protector" if you want to simply put it. There is more compact bone in areas like the arms and legs, where greater strength is needed. Mature compact bone is lamellar, or layered.
Growth Plate
Periosteum
Periosteum is a fibrous, dense membrane located on the surface of the bone. There are two types of periosteum, fibrous periosteum and osteogenic periosteum. The fibrous periosteum is the outermost layer from the bone, in this layer the cells are tightly packed and it contains lymphatics, blood vessels and nerve endings. Osteogenic periosteum is the inner layer that lies on top of the bone, its not as tightly packed and its cells help in growth and repair.
Spongy Bone
Spongy bone, or cancellous bone is found at the end of long bones, ribs, skull, pelvic bones, and the vertebrae in the spinal column. It is called spongy bone because it resembles a sponge or honeycomb, with many open spaces connected to flat planes of bone known as trabeculae, this is where the three types of bone cells thrive.